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# 8. Python Generation from IDL

The Python DCPS API supports generation of Python topic classes from IDL. This chapter describes the details of the IDL-Python binding.

## 8.1. Running IDLPP

### 8.1.1. Static Generation

The Python topic classes can be generated statically using an IDL file.

Compiling IDL into python code is done using the `-l python` switch on idlpp:

    idlpp -l python idl-file-to-compile.idl

Note

- A Python package with the same name as the idl file (without the .idl extension) is always created.
- It defines types not included in an IDL module. IDL modules become Python packages within this base package.

### 8.1.2. Dynamic Generation

The Python topic classes can be generated dynamically using an IDL file, and the topic name. An api, `ddsutil.get_dds_classes_from_idl`, is provided to generate the topic classes at runtime from within a Python script.

HelloWorldDataPublisher.py

    ...
    TOPIC_NAME = 'Msg1'
    TOPIC_TYPE = 'HelloWorldData::Msg'
    IDL_FILE = 'idl/HelloWorldData.idl'

    # Create domain participant
    dp = DomainParticipant()

    # Create publisher
    pub = dp.create_publisher()

    # Generate python topic classes from IDL file
    gen_info = ddsutil.get_dds_classes_from_idl(IDL_FILE, TOPIC_TYPE)

    # Type support class
    qos = Qos([DurabilityQosPolicy(DDSDurabilityKind.TRANSIENT),
           ReliabilityQosPolicy(DDSReliabilityKind.RELIABLE)])

    # Register topic
    topic = gen_info.register_topic(dp, TOPIC_NAME, qos)

    # Create a writer
    writer = pub.create_datawriter(topic)

    # Topic data class
    idMessage = 1
    message1 = 'Hello World'
    s = gen_info.topic_data_class(userID = idMessage, message = message1)

    # Write data
    writer.write(s)

    #output to console
    print('=== [Publisher] writing a message containing : ')
    print('userID  :',  idMessage)
    print('message :', message1)
    ...

### 8.1.3. Generated Artifacts

The following table defines the Python artifacts generated from IDL concepts:

IDL Concept | Python Concept | Comment
--- | --- | ---
module | package | Folder with module name, plus __init__.py that defines types defined within the module.
enum | class | Defined in __init__.py files.
enum value | enum value | Defined in __init__.py files.
struct | class | Defined in __init__.py files.
field | class property | Defined in __init__.py files.
union | union | Defined in __init__.py files. (Only statically generated supported)

Datatype mappings

The following table shows the Python equivalents to IDL primitive types:

IDL Type | Python Type
--- | ---
boolean | bool
char | str, length==1
octet | int
short | int
ushort | int
long | int
ulong | int
long long | int
ulong long | int
float | float
double | float
string | str
wchar | Unsupported
wstring | Unsupported
any | Unsupported
long double | Unsupported

Implementing Arrays and Sequences in Python

Both IDL arrays and IDL sequences are mapped to Python lists.

The constructors for generated classes always fully allocate any array fields. Sequences are always initialized to the empty list.

## 8.2. Limitations of Python Support

The IDL-to-Python binding has the following limitations:

- IDL unions are Supported by statically generated Python, but not by dynamic or over-the-wire.
- The following IDL data types are not supported: wchar, wstring, any and long double .

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